The Timeline

Milestones: 1899-1913











http://mrbelloblog.com/2014/03/12/6-road-to-wwi/imperialism/history-class-open-door-policy-and-boxer-rebellion/






Our timeline is reviewing the events back from 1600-1925 but 1899-1913 are the main focal years.

Pictures

 Explanation: John Hay was an American statesman, diplomat, author, journalist, and private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln.

Explanation: 

The US is informing all of the European Countries know that China is open to anyone for trade.

Explanation: Imperialism

Explanation: Imperialism 

Explanation: Map 

Open Door Notes/Territory

Secretary of State John Hay: first articulated the concept of the “Open Door” in China in a series of notes in 1899–1900." http://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/hay-and-china

• "The 1899 Open Door notes provided that (1) each great power should maintain free access to a treaty port or to any other vested interest within its sphere, (2) only the Chinese government should collect taxes on trade, and (3) no great power having a sphere should be granted exemptions from paying harbour dues or railroad charges. The replies from the various nations were evasive, but Hay interpreted them as acceptances." http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/429642/Open-Door-policy
• "The idea behind the Open Door Notes originated with British and American China experts, Alfred E. Hippisley and William W. Rockhill. Both men believed that their countries’ economic interests in China would be best protected and promoted by a formal agreement among the European powers on the principle of maintaining an Open Door for trade and commercial activity." http://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/hay-and-china
•  "Because China was practically self-sufficient, its emperors had little interest in trading with Europeans."
• http://www.coedu.usf.edu/main/departments/seced/webq/social%20studies/history/jberringer/webquest.htm

Pictures

Explanation: European countries attempt to begin dividing China into separate territories until US comes and says "no". China is anyone's game when it comes to trading.

Explanation: This picture shows who own what specific portion of China

                                                                    (Taiping Rebellion)

• 1850-1864
• 20 million lives were claimed

Explanation: American trade with China grew tremendously. Bloody violence grew in China. One bloody episode was the Taiping Rebellion.

 Explanation: China under imperialism but, not letting the US in.

Open Door Policy

• "John Milton Hay served as a statesman and diplomat for the United States. He also assisted Abraham Lincoln during his presidency. Hay's biggest achievement came when he served as Secretary of State under former Presidents of the United States William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. As Secretary of State, Hay drafted the Open Door Policy in a series of notes between 1899 to 1900. The Open Door Policy aimed to promote equal opportunity for foreign trade and commerce in China. The United States and Great Britain had long respected China before Hay proposed the Open Door Policy; however, his policy made it official and far-reaching to the Far East."
• 

  "John Hay gained his inspiration to draft the Open Door Notes from British and American experts, William W. Rockhill and Afred E. Hippisley. Both of these men believed that Great Britain and the United States should protect their economic interests in China. They suggested drafting a formal agreement outlining the concept of maintaining an Open Door Policy for trade and commerce. John Hay sent the first of the Open Door Notes on September 6th, 1899 to other international countries interested in trade and commerce with China, including Great Britain, Germany, France, Russia, and Japan. These nations remained protective over their economic presence in China and other Asian countries."
• 
  

  "The Open Door Notes proposed a free, open market between merchants of all nationalities with a presence in China. Hay argued that the Open Door Policy would help strengthen the United States economy and reduce tensions between the powers already operating in China. In an effort to promote non-discrimination in trade and commerce, Hay suggested a dissolving of economic advantages between China and its foreign occupants. In fact, Hay even stated that the Chinese should collect on their own tariffs. Remarkably, the powers did not oppose the terms drafted in the Open Door Notes. 

http://www.openuniversity.edu/open-door-policy 

Open Door Policy Videos

Click here for the open door policy !



About China-The Open Door Policy ! Click to view.

U.S Action with China

   

          U.S. Relations with China in the Age of Imperialism

                                                      

The result of these commercial, religious, and political connections was that relations between the U.S. and China were good for much of American history. In the late 1800s, the powers of Europe and Japan were expanding their colonial empires. Some of them wanted to break China up into colonies, but U.S. leaders believed it would be better for American interests if China remained independent and united. So, the U.S. supported an “Open Door” policy, which meant that China would have an “open door” to foreign investment and trade, but no nation would control it. This was a fundamental part of U.S. policy toward China through the end of World War II, and it kept China from fragmenting and limited foreign exploitation.

When Japan tried to expand its empire in the early 1930s, the U.S. believed this violated the “Open Door” policy. America’s opposition to Japanese expansion ultimately led the U.S. to deploy its Pacific Fleet to Pearl Harbor, where Japan attacked it on December 7, 1941. Even before then, American volunteers, such as the famed “Flying Tigers,” were fighting in China. When the U.S. entered the war, it flew squadrons of B-29s from China, and sent it substantial amounts of aid. After the war, it was the U.S. that insisted that China be included as one of the five Permanent Members of the U.N. Security Council.

Sino-American relations were not always good. The U.S. passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882; this marked the first time the U.S. had restricted immigration. The U.S. later prohibited Chinese immigrants from obtaining citizenship because of their race, which it had never done before. When U.S. forces joined other nations in protecting Americans and Europeans in Peking during a rebellion (called the Boxer Rebellion) that began in 1899, some Chinese branded the U.S. a foreign exploiter. Yet, after the war, the U.S. used some of the reparations that China paid to establish the “Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Fund,” an influential education program in China.

http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/10/the-complicated-history-of-us-relations-with-china